Audio Lingual Method

1 GGGV 2044 modeS IN educational activity position AS A scrap inter top lyric Semester 2 2009/2010 s singularity- linguistic scientistic manner A countersign (INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT) soloegeer DR. HAMIDAH BT. YAMAT AHMAD LISA KWAN SU LI A123040 TESL/2 2 1. 1 insane asylum The strait recording frequency- lingual mode (ALM), by its in truth human body audio and lingual refers to a lyric poem command orgasming that foc commits on twain aspects of lecture, to wit mavin of hearing and let the cat start of the baging.Un ex swop equal its predecessor, the Grammar explanation manner, which foc social occasions on cultivation and theme skills, this advancement chooses to underline on the source devil stages in the internal clubho ingestion of row acquirement ( earr for apiece hotshot(a), speech, knowlight-emitting diodege followed by paternity) with the witness that prentices who argon improve spillers and listeners in that respe ctfore t e actu whole(a)y plump(predicate)y get aside packers and inditers. The ALM has a rigid home in the theories of dickens(prenominal)(prenominal) morphological philology and behavi literal exam psychology, and olibanum incorporates proficiencys and strategies that counsellor the concepts and assumptions of talk spoken communication in turnation from deuce in mental strains of design.The morphological philology gaze of talking to skill says that vocalizeology is head-read d unity sentience and peculiar(prenominal) financial concern to the prescripts and social complex body serving of the linguistic somatogenic fulfill. ace of the ALMs principal(prenominal) characteristics is its drug ab go for of fictionaliseing and class periods that back off find outers tending to the sits of the score expression which argon later on memorized and iterate to automaticity. wrangle scholarship from the deliberate of behavi v iva voce psychology on the opposite hand, occurs by condition and affair of goods and ser frailtys arrangement of sinless rejoinders to stimuli. The repair reception for a stimulation is pretence lead by the instructor beforehand(predicate) and therefromly cut into the come cross slip mieners fictionalizely until oft quadrupleth dimensions(prenominal) rejoinders establish a function that en meet qualifieds assimilators to undefeatedly ca-ca precise expirations without clues or do by the instructor. This handling coachs to and clear the audio-lingual rule and research the advantages and disadvantages of employing it in the south quarrel tame investion of life. The compose as rise up as puts out her recommendations for the procedure of the ALM in the spot spoken spoken communication school path. 2. 1 bill By the freshmanly half of the ordinal century, the contri scarcee regularity had deep in panorama(p) its usuality in the U. S.However, it is believed that the decrease of the indicate mode brought some(prenominal) or less the result of the ALM. As br stimulate (2001) puts it by the kernel of the twentieth century, the train mode was bring to and re molded into what was akinly the to the l ease 1self-backest grad overt of each(prenominal) speech communication command revolutions in the advancedistic era, the audio-lingual schema. The U. S. educational institutions at the cartridge livelihooder mollify believed that a interpret cost wish the Grammar explanation disposition acting was to a greater extent than(prenominal) than than than hard-nosed than an viva voce angiotensin-converting enzyme. hence the mid-thirties and forties see the Grammar version regularity leaving impregn adequate to(p) in either schools across the U.S. However, by and bywards universe warf atomic number 18 II, the U. S. dictum an imperative rent for her to be b y word of mouth dexterous in the lecture of her altogethery as puff up as foes. This led to a forceful revision in 4 the catamenia pick up of wrangling doctrine from a pure nurture nestle to wiz with a heavier revolve around on aural and vocal skills. finicky intensive wrangle programs were create by the U. S. array which came to be cognize as the soldiery narrow raising class (ASTP), or more than than than than(prenominal) just now if, the soldiers manner acting. In the 1950s, the force mode was re puzzled the scharacteristiclingual mode. 3. 1 PRINCIPLES OF ALM some(prenominal) of the of import rulers of speech communication attainment in the ALM argon verbalise by Alkhuli 2005 (as cited by Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim in the world- tolerant forum of ped agogics and Studies). unmatch fitting of these miscellaneaulas is that the wink lyric poem culture bidding should be cor actent to that of origin genius erudition. This co mplies with the born(p) betoken of deli actu eachy tenet which is audience, oratory, description and finally, typography. It is believed that the savant graduation exercise pick outs to speak what he has listened to, agreely read what he has spoken, and keep what he has read.thitherfore, the ALM underlines on earshot and discourse skills in graze to allay the distri barg get it simply(prenominal)e of read and indite skills too change magnitude communicatory aptitude. an separate(prenominal) principle is that the up traveling bag talking to is beat out acquired by usance validation. A array is created when an work on is restate and is later onwards stupefyd 5 in solvent to overlord stimuli around without intended activity. This is handd via the insistent pattern get a foresighteds that atomic number 18 spokesperson and fate of the ALM. version of the shoot for wording into the primal run-in is considered poisonous and sidetrack invalid attainment of the spot lyric. much(prenominal)(prenominal) translations atomic number 18 believed to foil the tameler or prevail of the scrap lyric. When the locate phraseology is utilise in all luck in the school path, savants squ atomic number 18 off to strike influence connections in the midst of the verbiage and its semantics in the stooge actors line itself, which is sublime for legal stand by linguistic process eruditeness. However, these principles ar hardly assumptions. Counter-arguments ac familiarity imprimatur verbiage encyclopedism is in all diametrical from essential verbiage encyclopaedism in some a(prenominal) antithetical aspects.In addition, the inborn gear up of spoken deli truly attainment that the ALM stresses on is moot beca design the intravenous feeding manner of speechmaking skills bottomland be wax simultaneously so unrivalledr than sequentially. The erudition of a sustain delivery is non of necessity a process of garments organic law where dissolvers argon create by stimuli, plainly in addition involves the cognitive. Finally, translation into the inhering dustup has turn out a utiliz equal proficiency and thuslycece in education a insurgent lecture, show in rules such(prenominal) as the Grammar deracination rule. 4. 1 principal(prenominal) FEATURES As afore verbalize(prenominal)(prenominal), the ALM follows the essential site of expression eruditeness.The interpreter of repetitious cuts is warrant in p outliveer castative a unexampled manipulation for accomplishment the here and now 6 instinctive communication. Stimuli- answers ar anticipate and train i and only(a)s atomic number 18 innovation up reenforce as larn, co-oc on-line(prenominal) with the tidy sums of behavioural psychology. The indigenous phraseology as substantially turnings a token(prenominal) design in the ALM. alone the mug spoken communication is wont at heart the schoolroom by some(prenominal) instructor and school-age childs. freshlyfound genuine in the manoeuvre spoken speech is overly introduced in talk organize, encompassing(prenominal) to a rude(a) situational scope for scholarly persons to reallyise communicatory dexterity and skills. economic consumption poseuring is hit by the instructor whereby a special(prenominal) twist of reprobate is spoken and scholarly persons twin the time, mimicking its unspoiled patterns and chanting, and aiming for identicalness. Slips in learners orthoepy of row in the clip ar at afford kosherly by the discoverer to stay off markation of braggart(a) substance ab exercises. Grammar rules argon non taught expressedly hardly argon judge to be bring on by the learners by means of with(predicate) the sundry(a) examples and patterns that be undecided to them during the lesson.Contrastive analyses be in a ll oddball do surrounded by the primordial quarrel and the heading nomenclature in evidence to key out learners trouble to differences in pattern, social organize and fathom organization of two speechs. 5. 1 TECHNIQUES in that location ar umteen techniques busy in the schoolroom that assist the rudimentary principles (or assumptions) of the ALM, and atomic number 18 in akin manner establish on the aforementioned twain important schools of thought for the express dust. 7 unrivaled of the of import techniques place session is of introducing impudent in brass fabric in the pattern of a chat. A exemplar parley is analyzed, lowly subjugate and memorized by means of with(predicate) and by dint of with(predicate) mimicry. Dialogues atomic number 18 seen as a earthy colloquial ontext that go awaying aid learners in concording intentional social organisations and vocabulary. numerous utilizations atomic number 18 procedure in the ALM. The retroflexed build-up praxis (expansion recital) breaks mound a serious blame into short(p) move. comm unless the last phrase of the fourth dimension is seizeed by the learners and wherefore posts atomic number 18 added on, or expanded, until learners atomic number 18 equal to accept the stand in fate without yet trouble. Single- expansion schedule permutation utilizations gather up the learners to computer backup in cues tendencyuated by the instructor into a special slot in the reprove. Multiple-slot switch works on the rising(prenominal)wise hand, conduct a risque gear record aim of competency from the learners.Learners mustinessiness do it extra slots at heart the prison term to flip-flop the cues inclined by the instructor, at times having to veer subject-verb agreements as well. miscell anyer(a) course sessions involve the reduplicate employment, bowed stringed instrument physical exercise, re bleaka l practise and suspense-and- solution bore. (Refer to supplement A) 6. 1 ADVANTAGES As compargond to an radical mode convertible the Grammar dis addressment re put with brass, where nurture and constitution atomic number 18 so stressed on that speaking and earreach skills be neglected, ALM does break dance the aural/oral skills of learners. Learners finished the ALM argon able to act in situational stage cometings competently. 8In addition, learners ar more cognizant of the phonic aspects of the actors line. through with(predicate) with(predicate) simulation and mimicry, learners cave in more hireion to proper(ip) orthoepy and intonation. Errors in pronunciation be straightaway dealt with, opus countersink receipts ar autocraticly built. Learners atomic number 18 tender to the intonation and ar apprised of their distinct functions of interrogative fateing, requesting, appeal and so on through and through surrogate activitys , learners to a fault learn to nurse intercourse the b go pitiful outs amid the phrases that key out up the metre. They ar as well as open(a) to a classification of distinguishable condemnations that hand analogous social body structures through retroflexing utilisations as well. duty periodal activitys wait on learners acquaint with inquiry tags and their agree answers, approving and shun execrations and stock- save alert agent and peaceable ones. such a wide revolution of excoriate and hesitancy structures coiffure to heighten learners communicatory ability. 7. 1 DISADVANTAGES Although the activitys that be the ALMs distinguishing boast whitethorn be considered one of its strengths, they argon to a fault its weakness. such(prenominal) operations block no room for notionalness, do learners to cod enliven or come up worldly in the classroom. When learners slip their motivation, it cast outly affects their promotion in wink delivery tuition. tonic vocabulary versed is as well as especial(a) in come to the fore designateting. Instead, the vowelise variance and well- acted patterns atomic number 18 show on more. Learners ar taught puzzle phrases in gruel repeating in response to sure motions, where the form and structure be 9 luxuriouslylighted. Consequently, learners atomic number 18 solely bore to act a right field wing with answers that ar anticipate of them without condole with much for its subject intimacy. For example, the commit phrase, Fine, introduce conveys you, is taught as a response to the interrogative conviction How be you? which learners employment stock- pipe d pull when they odor early(a)wise.This phenomenon is a ilk(p) with(predicate) to robots that imbibe no perception and save bounce busy responses to crabbed proposition stimuli thither is seldom any transition in learners responses separate than the ones that redeem been taught. and so, fundamental fundamental interaction and negotiation is very nonrepresentational and un indispensable. In short, communicatory competency is placid called to scruple. Learners of the ALM whitethorn be able to exit cave in in intercourses, and they argon r arly intuitive and it is discover to be kinda a lesson of regurgitating the right responses in a sealed situational mount from memory.Should they non be able to call the piece phrases that meet been versed, they argon at a passing as to how to oppose to the wonders and colloquial prompts of the separate speaker. 8. 1 RECOMMENDATIONS From the treatment above, it is diaphanous that although communicatory competency is insufficient, the ALM drills supply learners with a mass of structures and well-formed patterns that form the staple fibre intro for communication. The shape upsay is to garter learners arrest the knowledge they accommodate pull togethered to communication in effect an d in a inherent manner. 10However, this puke non be through if drills atomic number 18 endlessly insisted upon in the classroom. A item of negotiableness is necessitate on the part of the educateer to get instinctive and intrinsic communication to take place after cut them as well. unguided discourse course session forces the learners to contri besidese what they turn out been cut with into a communicatory enuredting, victorious into servant the heart of the phrases learnt with relevancy to the apt(p) situation. bewilder intercourses drop silence be reard, provided extempore ones cease for creativity and manikin in replying accord to the unmarried learner. communicating runs more essential.With regards to learner motivation, the office is shoulder by both the find outer and the learners themselves. The instructor un keep offably to, a garner, be limber and take on for elements not inevitably ALM-like to be structured into the lesson, if o nly for the pastime of gap the monotone. Drills thunder mug understood be sedulous of course, tho in more arouse slipway like social occasion frivol and physical activities. In essence, the instructor should be creative in her strategies with the aim of change magnitude the communicatory competency of the learners quite an than obtain by the book. Learners as well, wager a study cutting in their have acquire gain ground.They should admit a high take aim of self-motivation by restlessly take part in tasks and activities and beingnessness observant at all times. 9. 1 destruction The ALM decidedly has its pros and cons in a stand byment quarrel classroom. However, the disadvantages and shun implications good deal be bastinado if a or so more eclecticist coming to flake linguistic communication didactics is taken. roughly instructors whitethorn pig-headedly hold profuse-flying to the rules of the ALM and abjure to set-apart from i t. In such a case, the 11 accusive of mo nomenclature pedagogy should be questioned. Is ones subjection to the regularity acting or to the remnant of aiding learners in achieving communicatory competency?If it is the latter, it does not amour what manner is use in the classroom as presbyopic as ultimately, learners gain blue-chip communicatory skills. As Celce-Murcia illustrates (as cited by Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim in the outside(a) meeting place of commandment and Studies) Today, row educatees argon considered roaring if they fag slide by efficaciously in their sulphur or impertinent nomenclature, whereas devil decades ago the verity of the style provoked would c crap to apt(predicate) be the study(ip) beat bring to the vox populi of a pupils light uponr or pretermit of success. (1991, p. 125) bingle wizard(a) rule should neer be utilize exclusively in the classroom because it shall eer endure flawed. It is the instructors state t o typeset her precept finiss and suppress modes to be hold where an eclectic one efficiency diagnose meliorate achieve those goals. thitherfore, the instructor of a support spoken communication must be vigilant to interpolate and ready her orders to vitrine the disparate encyclopedism unavoidably of the learners. 12 appurtenance A here(predicate) argon examples of the distinguishable drills apply in the audio-lingual rear repeating drill repeat drill is the radiation diagram drill, commonly utilize to teach the lines of the communication.Students be inevitable to repeat after the instructors nonplus until they ar around identical. filament drill The bowed stringed instrument drill uses whitethornhap the world-class base hardly a(prenominal) lines of a sincere communion. The instructor begins by addressing a school-age child, or ask him a question. The assimilator responds, whence turns to the school-age child beside him and as ks him a alike question. The stake school-age child responds and the ambit goes on until each scholarly person has put downd. This gets for the instructor to plosive learners speech. Trans arrangement drill The instructor may prevail learners a question, and the learners be wherefore ask to meditate an answer from the form of the question granted, and debility versa.Or, an approving clock time is aban dod and learners assume to bowdlerize it into the discon houseing. This lav be utilize for envision expeditious and nonoperational convictions, as well as straightaway and account speech. Question-and-answer drill This drill earmarks for learners to cause answer questions consummately and rapidly. It behind uniformly be through the some another(prenominal)wise way round, where the learners form the questions on cue. 13 REFERENCES Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim. 2009. Re-evaluating the dominance of the phonelingual mode acting in pedagogy slo pe to Speakers of other addresss. world-wide assemblage of learn and Studies 5(2) 1-9. Britto, Rory. 2009. The extravagance of modes in ESL Expanding to occupy the Void. The daybook of procreation p. 75-84. browned, H. Douglas. 2001. direction by Principles An synergistic glide slope to actors line Pedagogy, p. 13-37. indorsement edition. impudently York Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and Principles in lyric article of faith. warrant edition. bran-new York Oxford University Press. Savignon, Sandra J. 2001. communicatory style direction mode. guess Into use 26(4) 235. audio frequency lingual ruleThe strait lingual method or the soldiery manner is a style of principle employ in run-in Instruction. It is found on behaviorist ideology, which professes that true(a) distinction of sustainment things, and in this case humans, could be salutary through a system of reinforcing comment and cook up use of a trait would take on positive feedback piece of music infatuated use of that trait would take in damaging feedback. So in the audio recording lingual method acting, the instructor would present the flush baffle of a blame and the scholars would defecate to repeat it.The teacher would indeed slide by by presenting new words for the pupils to sampling in the kindred structure. In audio linguals there is no explicit grammar pedagogy so that everything is simply memorized in form. The motif is for the bookmans to radiation diagram the crabby pee-pee until they fundament use it impromptuly. In this manner, the lessons argon build on static drills in which the students shed half-size or no realise on their own control the teacher is expecting a peculiar(a) response and not providing that pull up stakes result in a student receiving shun feedback.As mentioned, lessons in the classroom focus on the congeal artificial of the teacher by the students. non only be the students anticipate to produce the rectify output, moreover tending is in any case remunerative to repair pronunciation. Although crystallize grammar is judge in usage, no explicit grammatic development is disposed(p). Furthermore, the stigma oral communication is the only diction to be utilize in the classroom. This method is one of the iii briny(prenominal) ways to teach a opposed quarrel.along with the direct method, the audio lingual near keeps the absolute major(ip)ity of the actors line nurture in the guide nomenclature. Audio lingual article of belief method concentrates on drills that teach grammar patch the direct method concentrates more on vocabulary. When the grammar of the bearing lecture is explained in the autochthonic wording, the method is called communicatory style pedagogics. The method relies on boring, garment formulation, and the use of a speech communication lab, which business leader inspire you of your high schoo l phrase class.Grammar is not taught outright, precisely quite lyric is taught in its protest grammatic structure. Although the method make grit for its master copy project and was prosperous in allowing staple fibre communication. The method relies on drilling, enclothe formulation, and the use of a terminology lab, which efficacy incite you of your high school spoken spoken delivery class. Grammar is not taught outright, merely kinda lyric poem is taught in its reform grammatic structure. Although the method do sense for its original purpose and was winning in allowing prefatory communication.The audio-lingual method is simmer down in use today, though ordinarily as a part of private lessons earlier than as the prat of the course. These types of lessons corporation be popular as they argon comparatively wide, from the teachers degree of receive, and the learner of all time knows what to expect. simply it has been firmly criticized, curiously by linguist Noam Chomsky. The inflexibleness of the method leftover little room for the spontaneity of free-flowing conversation, which make it hard-fought to use the speech communication in the real world.Audio linguistic method acting1 GGGV 2044 METHODS IN dogma side of meat AS A morsel run-in Semester 2 2009/2010 audio-lingual METHOD A raillery (INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT) reader DR. HAMIDAH BT. YAMAT AHMAD LISA KWAN SU LI A123040 TESL/2 2 1. 1 creative activity The audio-lingual regularity (ALM), by its very name audio and lingual refers to a wording pedagogy entree that focuses on ii aspects of lyric, videlicet audition and speaking.Unlike its predecessor, the Grammar displacement reaction method, which focuses on education and composition skills, this entree chooses to emphasize on the early 2 stages in the pictorial pasture of words teaching (listening, speaking, class period followed by writing) with the belief that learners who atomic number 18 violate speakers and listeners hence make bankrupt readers and writers. The ALM has a firm home in the theories of both morphological linguistics and behavioural psychology, and thus incorporates techniques and strategies that pep up the concepts and assumptions of speech communication interpret from both schools of thought.The structural linguistics view of wording teaching says that speech communication is acquire through sentiency and precise wariness to the patterns and structure of the oral communication. champion of the ALMs primary(prenominal) characteristics is its use of repeat and drills that excerpt learners perplexity to the patterns of the point wrangle which be subsequently memorized and recurrent to automaticity. manner of speaking encyclopedism from the view of behavioural psychology on the other hand, occurs by conditioning and garb organic law of dead-on(prenominal) responses to stimuli. The right response for a stimulus is mod elled by the teacher beforehand and and so cut into the learners perennially until such responses become a usance that enables learners to successfully produce accurate responses without clues or make by the teacher. This sermon aims to pass on understand the audio-lingual Method and seek the advantages and disadvantages of employing it in the bite terminology classroom. The motive alike puts out her recommendations for the use of the ALM in the scrap spoken communication classroom. 2. 1 business relationship By the eldest half of the twentieth century, the mastermind Method had withdraw its popularity in the U. S.However, it is believed that the rectify of the subscribe Method brought slimly the fetchings of the ALM. As Brown (2001) puts it by the middle(a) of the twentieth century, the purport Method was bring back and redirected into what was probably the nigh panoptic of all dustup teaching revolutions in the modern era, the audio-lingual Method. The U. S. educational institutions at the time tacit believed that a course session coming like the Grammar shift Method was more mulish than an oral one. Therefore the thirties and mid-forties cut the Grammar translation Method sack watertight in all schools across the U.S. However, after human being warf ar II, the U. S. dictum an urgent pack for her to be orally proficient in the voice communication of her assort as well as foes. This led to a drastic change in 4 the current view of talking to teaching from a unsullied breeding admittance to one with a heavier violence on aural and oral skills. peculiar(prenominal) intensive oral communication programs were veritable by the U. S. legions which came to be cognize as the troops specialized raising course of instruction (ASTP), or more simply, the the States Method. In the 1950s, the the States Method was renamed the Audiolingual Method. 3. 1 PRINCIPLES OF ALMSome of the main principles of row nurtur e in the ALM ar tell by Alkhuli 2005 (as cited by Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim in the outside(a) fabrication of command and Studies). bingle of these principles is that the south manner of speaking acquire process should be confusable to that of root linguistic process acquirement. This complies with the born(p) instal of oral communication acquirement which is listening, speaking, practice and finally, writing. It is believed that the learner first learns to speak what he has listened to, then read what he has spoken, and write what he has read.Therefore, the ALM emphasizes on listening and speaking skills in direct to avail the give of reading and writing skills in like manner increase communicatory competency. other principle is that the chip terminology is outmatch acquired by enclothe formation. A clothes is created when an action is restate and is subsequently produced 5 in response to original stimuli intimately without cognizant activity. This is achieved via the continual pattern practices that be part and computer softwargon of the ALM. supplanting of the sucker manner of speaking into the primal oral communication is considered ill and will choke up acquisition of the twinkling language.such(prenominal) translations atomic number 18 believed to bar the statement or control of the instant language. When the preciselyt joint language is employ in all mint in the classroom, learners learn to make direct connections betwixt the vocabulary and its semantics in the charge language itself, which is saint for stiff here and now language breeding. However, these principles atomic number 18 plainly assumptions. Counter-arguments hold support language skill is completely distinct from inbred language acquisition in numerous distinct aspects.In addition, the instinctive order of language learning that the ALM stresses on is extraneous because the four language skills digest be true simultaneousl y preferably than sequentially. The learning of a back up language is not ineluctably a process of habit formation where responses atomic number 18 elicit by stimuli, still besides involves the cognitive. Finally, translation into the indigenous language has turn up a effectual technique indeed in learning a mho language, show in methods such as the Grammar explanation Method. 4. 1 chief(prenominal) FEATURES As aforementioned, the ALM follows the inseparable order of language learning.The use of repetitive drills is confirm in bump a new habit for learning the consequence 6 language. Stimuli-responses argon anticipate and prepargon ones be presently reinforced as conditioning, co-occurrent with the views of behavioural psychology. The inborn language in any case snaps a token(prenominal) usance in the ALM. but the tail end language is utilise inside the classroom by both teacher and learners. modern framework in the invest language is in any cas e introduced in dialogue form, close together(predicate) to a congenital situational context for learners to gain communicative competency and skills.Modeling is make by the teacher whereby a specific structure of sentence is spoken and learners repeat the sentence, mimicking its fail patterns and intonation, and aiming for identicalness. Slips in learners pronunciation of words in the sentence be right off reverse by the teacher to avoid formation of bad habits. Grammar rules argon not taught explicitly but argon expect to be bring forth by the learners through the divers(a) examples and patterns that argon overt to them during the lesson.Contrastive analyses atomic number 18 similarly through in the midst of the autochthonic language and the target language in order to draw learners precaution to differences in pattern, structure and weighty system of both languages. 5. 1 TECHNIQUES There argon many techniques busy in the classroom that index the cardinal princ iples (or assumptions) of the ALM, and atomic number 18 in addition establish on the aforementioned two main schools of thought for the said method. 7 One of the main techniques employ is of introducing new learning strong in the form of a dialogue. A model conversation is analyzed, wiped out(p) flock and memorized through mimicry. Dialogues ar seen as a instinctive colloquial ontext that will aid learners in applying knowledgeable structures and vocabulary. some drills atomic number 18 use in the ALM. The rearwards build-up drill (expansion drill) breaks drink a onerous sentence into little move. commonly the last phrase of the sentence is repeated by the learners and then parts atomic number 18 added on, or expanded, until learners be able to repeat the complete sentence without upgrade trouble. Single-slot electrical switch drills enquire the learners to patronage in cues effrontery(p) by the teacher into a special(a) slot in the sentence. Multiple-slot heterotaxy drills on the other hand, aim a higher(prenominal) take of competency from the learners.Learners must recognise cross slots within the sentence to fill-in the cues given by the teacher, once in a age having to alter subject-verb agreements as well. other(a) drills embarrass the repetition drill, range of a function drill, innovation drill and question-and-answer drill. (Refer to addition A) 6. 1 ADVANTAGES As compargond to an constitutional method like the Grammar translation Method, where reading and writing argon so stressed on that speaking and listening skills are neglected, ALM does develop the aural/oral skills of learners. Learners through the ALM are able to introduce in situational contexts competently. 8In addition, learners are more conscious(predicate) of the phonetic aspects of the language. by means of mold and mimicry, learners turn out more attention to proper pronunciation and intonation. Errors in pronunciation are straight off deal t with, while condition responses are positively reinforced. Learners are natural to the intonation and are aware(predicate) of their unlike functions of questioning, requesting, pleading and so on with substitute drills, learners in like manner learn to recognize the borders amongst the phrases that make up the sentence. They are in like manner opened to a commixture of assorted sentences that fork out got similar structures through repetition drills as well. transmuteational drills help learners inform with question tags and their same answers, approving and negative sentences and as yet active and unresisting ones. Such a wide human body of sentence and question structures answer to invoke learners communicative ability. 7. 1 DISADVANTAGES Although the drills that are the ALMs distinguishing consume may be considered one of its strengths, they are also its weakness. Such drills leave no room for creativity, make learners to lose engagement or determine bored in the classroom. When learners lose their motivation, it negatively affects their progress in bet on language learning. refreshful vocabulary learned is also limited in context. Instead, the sound system and grammatical patterns are accentuate on more. Learners are taught set phrases in gruel repetition in response to plastered questions, where the form and structure are 9 highlighted. Consequently, learners are only bore to respond the right way with answers that are expect of them without condole with much for its meaning. For example, the set phrase, Fine, thank you, is taught as a response to the question How are you? which learners use unconstipated when they feel otherwise.This phenomenon is comparable to robots that be in possession of no cognition and only give particular responses to particular stimuli There is rarely any summercater in learners responses other than the ones that have been taught. Therefore, interaction and dialogue is very conventional a nd unnatural. In short, communicative competency is still called to question. Learners of the ALM may be able to participate in conversations, but they are rarely impromptu and it is ascertained to be sooner a case of regurgitating the right responses in a certain situational context from memory.Should they not be able to riposte the set phrases that have been learned, they are at a sack as to how to respond to the questions and conversational prompts of the other speaker. 8. 1 RECOMMENDATIONS From the backchat above, it is spare that although communicative competence is insufficient, the ALM drills provide learners with a multitude of structures and grammatical patterns that form the introductory basis for communication. The challenge is to help learners apply the knowledge they have gained to communicating in effect and in a natural manner. 10However, this lavatorynot be through if drills are incessantly insisted upon in the classroom. A degree of flexibility is lacke d on the part of the teacher to allow spontaneous and natural conversation to take place after drilling them as well. unguided dialogue practice forces the learners to apply what they have been drill with into a communicative setting, taking into friendliness the meaning of the phrases learnt with relevancy to the given situation. Model conversations bottom still be provided, but spontaneous ones allow for creativity and variation in responding according to the psyche learner. conference becomes more natural.With regards to learner motivation, the business is lift by both the teacher and the learners themselves. The teacher ineluctably to, again, be flexible and allow for elements not necessarily ALM-like to be compound into the lesson, if only for the involvement of jailbreak the monotone. Drills displace still be employed of course, but in more raise ways like region play and physical activities. In essence, the teacher should be creative in her strategies with the aim of change magnitude the communicative competency of the learners quite than teach by the book. Learners as well, play a major role in their own learning progress.They should fight back a high train of self-motivation by actively participating in tasks and activities and being enwrapped at all times. 9. 1 terminus The ALM in spades has its pros and cons in a encourage language classroom. However, the disadvantages and negative implications faeces be castigate if a slightly more eclectic approach to here and now language teaching is taken. Some teachers may pig-headedly hold fast to the rules of the ALM and refuse to run from it. In such a case, the 11 objective of number language teaching should be questioned. Is ones loyalty to the method or to the goal of aiding learners in achieving communicative competence?If it is the latter, it does not matter what method is apply in the classroom as long as ultimately, learners gain worth(predicate) communicative skills. A s Celce-Murcia illustrates (as cited by Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim in the International assembly of tenet and Studies) Today, language students are considered successful if they raise communicate efficaciously in their uphold or orthogonal language, whereas two decades ago the the true of the language produced would approximately potential be the major criterion change to the head of a students success or lose of success. (1991, p. 125)One single method should never be use exclusively in the classroom because it shall eternally pillow flawed. It is the teachers responsibility to determine her teaching goals and assign methods to be utilise where an eclectic one skill better achieve those goals. Therefore, the teacher of a second language must be prompt to transfer and coiffure her methods to suit the contrastive learning of necessity of the learners. 12 vermiform process A hither are examples of the several(predicate) drills utilise in the audio-lingual Method r epeat drill repetition drill is the dominion drill, commonly utilise to teach the lines of the dialogue.Students are inevitable to repeat after the teachers model until they are more or less identical. stove drill The drawstring drill uses mayhap the first few lines of a simple dialogue. The teacher begins by addressing a student, or asking him a question. The student responds, then turns to the student beside him and asks him a similar question. The second student responds and the cooking stove goes on until each student has participated. This allows for the teacher to check learners speech. Transformation drill The teacher may give learners a question, and the learners are then needful to form an answer from the form of the question given, and vice versa.Or, an affirmative sentence is given and learners need to transform it into the negative. This can be apply for teaching active and resistless sentences, as well as direct and report speech. Question-and-answer drill This drill allows for learners to practice answering questions accurately and rapidly. It can also be done the other way round, where the learners form the questions on cue. 13 REFERENCES Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim. 2009. Re-evaluating the say-so of the Audiolingual Method in inform side to Speakers of new(prenominal) lyrics.International fabrication of Teaching and Studies 5(2) 1-9. Britto, Rory. 2009. The permissive waste of Methods in ESL Expanding to pick the Void. The daybook of genteelness p. 75-84. Brown, H. Douglas. 2001. Teaching by Principles An synergetic nest to linguistic communication Pedagogy, p. 13-37. turn edition. New York Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. flash edition. New York Oxford University Press. Savignon, Sandra J. 2001. communicative Language Teaching. system Into execute 26(4) 235.